ايمن رجب
10-05-2012, 09:02 AM
Hymenoptera is one of the largest orders (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_%28biology%29) of insects (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insect).
The name refers to the heavy wings of the insects,
and is derived from the word (hymen): membrane and (pteron): wing
Hymenoptera is a worldwide order, it contains 22 super families and about 84 families and over 120,000 described species
Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota
Super order: Endopterygota
Order: Hymenoptera
Suborders:
Apocrita
Symphyta
General characteristics:
Adult hymenopterans range in size from minute to large (0.15–120 mm) and from slender (e.g., many wasps) to robust (e.g., the bumble bees).
The head:
Usually mobile.
Eyes:
Compound eyes often large and contains three oclei
Antennae:
Long and multi segmented,(filiform,geniculate)
Mouth-parts
Vary from the generalized biting type to the combined sucking and chewing type (e.g., bees). Mandibles typically are present and are used by the adult to cut its way out of the pupal cell, for defense, for killing and handling prey, and in nest construction,
Thorax:
Consists of three segments, tightly fused together. Each segment bears a pair of legs, and each of the last two segments bears a pair of wings. the metathorax is large
The thorax more than three times longer than wide
Wings:
Usually with two pairs of membranous wings, the front pair much larger than the hind pair. The wings is coupled together by a row of small hooks on the front edge of the hind wing
Although some may be wingless such as some species of female wasps and the worker caste of ants
Legs:
Legs are segmented and in some species the hind legs are modified to carry pollen (bees)
The abdomen:
In some hymenopterans segment 1 of abdomen without a sternum and in close association with the metathorax
Most hymenopterans have a constriction between the first 2 segments of the abdomen (http://www.ento.csiro.au/education/glossary.html#abdomen), which is known as a waist'
Females have prominent ovipositor, modified in some groups to be a "stinger", used to paralyze prey and in defense
Metamorphosis:
Complete metamorphosis
Suborder Apocrita:
The wasps, bees, and ants together make up the suborder Apocrita (http://www.answers.com/topic/apocrita), characterized by a constriction between the first and second abdominal segments called a wasp-waist also involving the fusion of the first abdominal segment to the thorax (http://www.answers.com/topic/thorax). Also, the larvae of all Apocrita do not have legs, or ocelli.
Superfamily = Apoidea
Family Apidae (http://bugguide.net/node/view/3076) - Digger, Bumble, and Honey Bees
Superfamily=Vespoidea (http://bugguide.net/node/view/117329)
Family Formicidae (http://bugguide.net/node/view/165)- Ants
Superfamily = Scolioidea
Family Tiphiidae (http://bugguide.net/node/view/107)- Tiphiid Wasps
Some species in Suborder Apocrita
1- Honey Bees Apis mellifera
2- Ants Messor brobarus
Suborder Symphyta :
in which the thorax and abdomen of the adult insect are joined across their full width without a distinct constriction between the two abdomen broadly sessile at its base and hind wing usually with at least 3 closed cells at base
Cimbicidae (cimbicid sawflies
Family Diprionidae (http://bugguide.net/node/view/13617)- Conifer Sawflies
Collection and preservation
· collected by traps
· hand piking
· by nets
Preserving method:
· Pining in the collection box
· Preserving in al-chohol
Identification:
· One of the largest orders (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_%28biology%29) of insects (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insect)
· Hymenoptera (hymen): membrane,(pteron): wing
· Contains 22 super families and about 84 families and over 120,000 described species
· Chewing mouth parts, some have tongue for laping
· Antennae Long and multi segmented, with 10 or more segments often 13 in male and 12 in female.
· Antennae Longer than head
· Compound eyes
· Typical two pairs of membranous wings,forwing longer
· Wings have few cross vains
· Legs are segmented and in some species are modified
· Most hymenopterans have a constriction between the first 2 segments of the abdomen (http://www.ento.csiro.au/education/glossary.html#abdomen), which is known as a 'wasp waist'
· Female has prominent ovipositor modified for "stinger", used to paralyze prey and in defense
· Contain tow sub order
· Several groups highly social
· It has body waist
· Complete metamorphosis
The name refers to the heavy wings of the insects,
and is derived from the word (hymen): membrane and (pteron): wing
Hymenoptera is a worldwide order, it contains 22 super families and about 84 families and over 120,000 described species
Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota
Super order: Endopterygota
Order: Hymenoptera
Suborders:
Apocrita
Symphyta
General characteristics:
Adult hymenopterans range in size from minute to large (0.15–120 mm) and from slender (e.g., many wasps) to robust (e.g., the bumble bees).
The head:
Usually mobile.
Eyes:
Compound eyes often large and contains three oclei
Antennae:
Long and multi segmented,(filiform,geniculate)
Mouth-parts
Vary from the generalized biting type to the combined sucking and chewing type (e.g., bees). Mandibles typically are present and are used by the adult to cut its way out of the pupal cell, for defense, for killing and handling prey, and in nest construction,
Thorax:
Consists of three segments, tightly fused together. Each segment bears a pair of legs, and each of the last two segments bears a pair of wings. the metathorax is large
The thorax more than three times longer than wide
Wings:
Usually with two pairs of membranous wings, the front pair much larger than the hind pair. The wings is coupled together by a row of small hooks on the front edge of the hind wing
Although some may be wingless such as some species of female wasps and the worker caste of ants
Legs:
Legs are segmented and in some species the hind legs are modified to carry pollen (bees)
The abdomen:
In some hymenopterans segment 1 of abdomen without a sternum and in close association with the metathorax
Most hymenopterans have a constriction between the first 2 segments of the abdomen (http://www.ento.csiro.au/education/glossary.html#abdomen), which is known as a waist'
Females have prominent ovipositor, modified in some groups to be a "stinger", used to paralyze prey and in defense
Metamorphosis:
Complete metamorphosis
Suborder Apocrita:
The wasps, bees, and ants together make up the suborder Apocrita (http://www.answers.com/topic/apocrita), characterized by a constriction between the first and second abdominal segments called a wasp-waist also involving the fusion of the first abdominal segment to the thorax (http://www.answers.com/topic/thorax). Also, the larvae of all Apocrita do not have legs, or ocelli.
Superfamily = Apoidea
Family Apidae (http://bugguide.net/node/view/3076) - Digger, Bumble, and Honey Bees
Superfamily=Vespoidea (http://bugguide.net/node/view/117329)
Family Formicidae (http://bugguide.net/node/view/165)- Ants
Superfamily = Scolioidea
Family Tiphiidae (http://bugguide.net/node/view/107)- Tiphiid Wasps
Some species in Suborder Apocrita
1- Honey Bees Apis mellifera
2- Ants Messor brobarus
Suborder Symphyta :
in which the thorax and abdomen of the adult insect are joined across their full width without a distinct constriction between the two abdomen broadly sessile at its base and hind wing usually with at least 3 closed cells at base
Cimbicidae (cimbicid sawflies
Family Diprionidae (http://bugguide.net/node/view/13617)- Conifer Sawflies
Collection and preservation
· collected by traps
· hand piking
· by nets
Preserving method:
· Pining in the collection box
· Preserving in al-chohol
Identification:
· One of the largest orders (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_%28biology%29) of insects (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insect)
· Hymenoptera (hymen): membrane,(pteron): wing
· Contains 22 super families and about 84 families and over 120,000 described species
· Chewing mouth parts, some have tongue for laping
· Antennae Long and multi segmented, with 10 or more segments often 13 in male and 12 in female.
· Antennae Longer than head
· Compound eyes
· Typical two pairs of membranous wings,forwing longer
· Wings have few cross vains
· Legs are segmented and in some species are modified
· Most hymenopterans have a constriction between the first 2 segments of the abdomen (http://www.ento.csiro.au/education/glossary.html#abdomen), which is known as a 'wasp waist'
· Female has prominent ovipositor modified for "stinger", used to paralyze prey and in defense
· Contain tow sub order
· Several groups highly social
· It has body waist
· Complete metamorphosis