المساعد الشخصي الرقمي

مشاهدة النسخة كاملة : المفهوم العلمي عن سميه NITRATEمن كل الجوانب ايضا للمتخصصين



mloshm
09-05-2007, 03:38 PM
http://www.2shared.com/file/1890701/1e94f29c/NITRATE.html (http://www.2shared.com/file/1890701/1e94f29c/NITRATE.html)?



TABLE OF CONTENTS






Important Disclaimer...................... i



SUMMARY.......... 1


1. BACKGROUND AND 3

1.1 4
1.2 Work strategies 1.3 Dry saline land: a brief literature review... 5
1.3.1 Dry saline land in root zones caused by slowly permeable subsoil layers ............................ 6
1.3.2 Dry saline land with subsoil expression 7
1.3.3 Dry saline land with surface expression (magnesia patches)........ 7

1.3.4 Generalised best management practices for dry saline land......... 8




2. METHODS... 9



2.1 Selection of representative study areas with dry saline land 9
2.2 Site description of Cootes case study area.9
2.3 Site description of Munduney case study area 15
2.4 Electromagnetic induction principles..... 17
2.4.1 EM-38 electromagnetic induction technique 17
2.4.2 EM-31 electromagnetic induction technique..18
2.5 Volume magnetic susceptibility technique . 18
2.6 Ground-based surveys using EM-38, EM-31 and VMS geophysical techniques........................ 20



3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION................ 21



3.1 Soil and landscape data.... 21
3.1.1 Subsoil expressed dryland saline land: Cootes case study area . 21
3.1.2 Surface expressed dryland saline land: Munduney case study area .................................. 23
3.2 Geophysical data: EM-38, EM-31 and VMS 24
3.2.1 Subsoil expressed dry saline land: Cootes case study area 25
3.2.2 Surface expressed dryland saline land: Munduney case study area 27
3.3 Integration of landscape-soil and geophysical data27
3.3.1 Whole-of-landscape 3-D process model for Cootes study area 30
3.3.1.1 Construction of soil-landscape process model 30
3.3.1.2 Application of the soil-landscape process model.31



4. CONCLUSIONS AND FURTHER WORK 35





5. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 37

6. 38



APPENDIX 1: Mineralogical data 40


APPENDIX 2: EM 38, EM-31 and Volume magnetic susceptibility data.. 41

mloshm
21-05-2007, 02:34 PM
5.4.2 Availability of sulfide in shallow sand aquifers for denitrification .....76



5.4.3Addition of 77



5.5 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES RELATED TO DENITRIFICATION...78




5.5.1 Groundwater quality considerations related to the use of manure fertilizer .79



5.5.2 Riparian zone attenuation of groundwater nitrate 79



6. IS THE ADA AT RISK OF WIDESPREAD ELEVATED NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS?......82



7. MANAGEMENT OPTIONS..84

7.1 LAND USE CHANGE AND LAND USE REGULATION 84

7.2 GROUNDWATER MODELS..84





7.2.1 Groundwater flow and transport modelling .84


7.2.2 Unsaturated zone leaching models ..85

7.3 ARTIFICIAL GROUNDWATER NITRATE REMEDIATION85




8. STUDY PLAN...88



8.1 PROPOSED GROUNDWATER STUDY PLAN TO ASSESS THE ADA’S CAPACITY FOR DENITRIFICATION ...88

8.2 IMPROVED WATERSHED LOADING ESTIMATES: LAND USE INVENTORY AND NMP....92
8.3 ALTERNATE MANURE MANAGEMENT – COMPOSTING, EXPORT 92




REFERENCES 93